When I first started working in special education (SPED), I knew that it would be a different type of challenge. I never thought that I would also work with adults who are neurodiverse. This job came with many issues that I was never taught to deal with in school, and it took much research and heart to really give the students the best resources necessary.
Like any other job, your education doesn’t stop in the classroom, and you never really stop learning about your field. Tailoring Individualized Education Programs (IEP) for students is an ongoing job that requires constant monitoring and changes.
I have worked with many students who need different types of support. However, it was only recently that I started working with a young adult who lives with a condition I had never heard of.
Young-onset dementia (YOD), also known as early-onset dementia, refers to any form of dementia that begins before the age of 65. It accounts for approximately 5–10% of all dementia cases and can start as early as age 30. The most common causes include Alzheimer’s disease, frontotemporal dementia (FTD), vascular dementia, and Lewy body dementia, though some cases result from rare genetic or metabolic disorders.
While symptoms such as memory loss, communication difficulties, and impaired judgment are typical, YOD can present differently than late-onset forms, often with early personality or behavioral changes— particularly in cases of FTD. Because dementia is unexpected in younger individuals, it is frequently misdiagnosed as depression, anxiety, or stress, leading to delays in treatment. Diagnosis typically requires neuropsychological testing, brain imaging, and specialist evaluation.
The impact of YOD is profound: individuals are often still employed, raising children, or paying off loans, and support services tend to be limited for this age group. The emotional and financial burden can be significant. According to the Alzheimer’s Association and research by Rossor et al. (2010) in “The Lancet Neurology,” early diagnosis and age-appropriate support are critical to improving quality of life and care outcomes for those affected by YOD.
Helping a college student cope with young-onset dementia (YOD)—defined as dementia diagnosed before age 65—requires an interdisciplinary and compassionate approach that supports cognitive, emotional, and social well-being.
1. Academic Accommodations:
Universities can offer academic accommodations through disability services, including extended time on tests, note-taking support, and flexibility in course loads. Individuals with YOD benefit from environmental adjustments that reduce cognitive load and improve routine predictability.
2. Cognitive Rehabilitation:
Cognitive rehabilitation strategies, such as memory aids, electronic calendars, and organizational apps, can help students maintain daily functioning. A study by Clare et al. (2019) found that goal-oriented cognitive rehabilitation improved self-efficacy in those with early-stage dementia.
3. Peer and Emotional Support:
Social isolation can worsen cognitive decline. Facilitating peer support groups or connecting students with others facing similar challenges is essential. Van Vliet et al. (2011) emphasize the psychological burden of YOD and the need for early psychological intervention to address grief, stigma, and identity disruption.
4. Mental Health Services:
Therapy and psychiatric care are crucial. Depression and anxiety frequently co-occur with YOD, impacting academic performance and quality of life. Early mental health intervention improves coping mechanisms and emotional resilience (American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 25(3): 291–300).
5. Inclusive Campus Policies:
Institutions must create dementia-inclusive environments. Dementia-friendly initiatives, such as faculty training and signage improvements, foster dignity and reduce stress for students with YOD (Clemerson et al., Dementia, 13(6): 700–717).
Support must be person-centered, emphasizing autonomy, dignity, and participation in academic and social life. Interventions should evolve in tandem with the student’s needs, promoting inclusion and psychological safety.